CONTENTS Basics Epidemiology Pulmonary sarcoidosis Clinical presentation Radiographic staging (Scadding stage) Chest CT scan Lymphadenopathy ➡️ Nonfibrotic parenchymal abnormalities Fibrotic parenchymal abnormalities Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis Pulmonary function tests Reduced DLCO Restriction Obstruction Pleural involvement Pulmonary hypertension Large airway involvement Treatment of pulmonary sarcoid Approach to sarcoidosis patient with cardiopulmonary deterioration Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis Skin Erythema nodosum […]
Search Results for: ultrasound
Approach to CNS infection
CONTENTS Infectious disease history Clinical syndromes Blood tests to consider Lumbar puncture (LP) Test to obtain & opening pressure Normal CSF & CSF patterns Specific CSF tests: CSF erythrocytes CSF differential cell count CSF protein CSF glucose CSF lactate CSF microarray (e.g., BioFire) Lumbar puncture & coagulopathy Specific risk groups Patients status post transplantation Patients […]
Hemophagocytic LymphoHistiocytosis (HLH)
CONTENTS Basics – what is HLH? Clinical features of HLH Laboratory findings Ferritin Lumbar puncture Pathology – Hemophagocytosis Causes of HLH Differential diagnosis – Closest mimics of HLH Approach to the diagnosis of HLH Treatment Treatment of the underlying cause (if possible) Steroid IL1 antagonism JAK inhibition Etoposide Podcast Questions & discussion Pitfalls what is […]
EMDOCS.net hosted me on Ask Me Anything
EMDOCS.net brought me on for an AMA session
Myasthenia gravis & myasthenic crisis
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Myasthenia Gravis: Background information Pathophysiology Presentation Diagnosis Serologic testing & types Drugs to avoid in myasthenia gravis Myasthenic crisis: diagnosis Diagnosis of myasthenic crisis: basics Differentiation from cholinergic crisis Triggers of myasthenic crisis Myasthenic crisis: treatment Blood gas monitoring Bedside pulmonary function tests Respiratory support Nutrition & GI access Pyridostigmine Steroid […]
Mycobacterial & unusual bacterial infections of CNS
CONTENTS Listeria Nocardia Legionella Mycoplasma Tuberculosis Tuberculous meningitis Tuberculomas Lyme Neurosyphilis Podcast Questions & discussion Pitfalls basics Listeria is a bacterial pathogen which can cause meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis. Among bacterial pathogens, Listeria is notable because it may sometimes be associated with a relatively unimpressive CSF profile. Research on Listeria is confusing to interpret, since […]
Septic Shock
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Definitions of septic shock Diagnosis & evaluation Clinical Presentations Biomarkers: NLR Procalcitonin & CRP ➡️ Evaluation for the source Sepsis mimics Treatment Vasopressors Source control Fluid Steroid DVT prophylaxis with heparin REFRACTORY SHOCK Methylene blue Resuscitative endpoints MAP Heart rate Urine output Fluid balance Lactate Skin perfusion Interventions of no real […]
Histoplasmosis
CONTENTS Epidemiology Different forms of clinical disease: Acute (& subacute) pulmonary histoplasmosis Granulomatous mediastinitis Broncholithiasis Fibrosing mediastinitis Chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis (CCPH) Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis CNS histoplasmosis Diagnostic studies Histoplasma antigen test Histoplasma antibody (serology) Bronchoscopy Tissue biopsy (Fungal culture) Management Pathophysiology Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis […]
Viral infections of CNS
CONTENTS Herpesviruses ⍺-herpesviruses HSV encephalitis HSV-2 radiculomyelitis Varicella zoster virus (VZV) β-herpesviruses Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) Gamma-herpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Enteroviruses Arboviruses West Nile virus (WNV) Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) JC virus and PML (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) Podcast Questions & discussion Pitfalls basics Herpes simplex virus encephalitis is caused mostly by HSV-1 (95% […]
Immune-related adverse events from checkpoint inhibitors
CONTENTS Rapid reference 🚀 Introduction to checkpoint inhibitors Core principles of immunotherapy-related adverse events Immune-related adverse events in the ICU Specific organ-system involvement Cardiac Pneumonitis Colitis Hepatitis Nephritis Endocrine Neurologic Hematologic Dermatologic Podcast Questions & discussion Pitfalls basic tests to consider in critically ill patient s/p checkpoint inhibitor (more) Labs: CBC with differential, electrolytes. Coagulation […]
Thrombotic microangiopathies (including TTP, ST-HUS, and C-HUS)
CONTENTS Thrombotic Microangiopathy(TMA) Definition of TMA Causes of TMA Investigating the cause of TMA Initial empiric therapy for TMA Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) Epidemiology of acquired TTP Clinical presentation of TTP Initial treatment of acquired TTP Shiga-Toxin mediated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (ST-HUS) Epidemiology & presentation of ST-HUS Diagnosis of ST-HUS Treatment of ST-HUS Complement-mediated Hemolytic […]
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Epidemiology Primary vs. secondary injury Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Initial evaluation Specific types of injury Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) Contusions & intraparenchymal hematomas Epidural hematoma Subdural hematoma Subarachnoid hemorrhage Intraventricular hemorrhage Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Fat embolism Management Coagulation management Hemodynamic management ICP management Ventilator management Seizure prophylaxis & management DVT […]
Severe influenza
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Clinical presentation Radiology Bacterial coinfection Diagnostic panel Treatment Resuscitation Antibiotics Anti-viral therapy Respiratory support Adjunctive therapy Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) Approach to treatment failure Extrapulmonary complications Virology of influenza Podcast Questions & Discussions Pitfalls severe influenza checklist ✅ diagnostic tests (more) Nares PCR for MRSA. Blood cultures. Sputum gram stain & […]
COVID 19 Complete Chapter
CONTENTS Basic biology Infection control Transmission Personal protective equipment (PPE) Diagnosis Signs & symptoms Labs Imaging CXR & CT scan Lung ultrasonography General approach to imaging Bronchoscopy Diagnostic approach for admitted patients Treatment: General protocols ED patients getting admitted to the hospital Inpatient management of hypoxemic, non-intubated patients Intubated patients Treatment: Specific anti-viral & immunosuppressive […]
Severe community-acquired pneumonia
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Definition of severe CAP Diagnosis: Pneumonia diagnosis Differential diagnosis Post-diagnosis evaluation: Laboratory studies Imaging Lobar pneumonia Bronchopneumonia Interstitial pneumonia Necrotizing pneumonia (cavitation) Nodular pneumonia Pleural effusion Pneumothorax Chest wall invasion Septic pulmonary emboli ➡️ Bronchoscopy Triage: who needs ICU? Treatment Antibiotic selection Resuscitation Respiratory support Steroid Effusion management Treatment failure Duration […]