CONTENTS Constrictive bronchiolitis: Bronchiolitis obliterans Epidemiology Clinical presentation Radiology Pulmonary function tests Bronchoscopy Diagnostic criteria Treatment DIPNECH (diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia) Cellular bronchiolitis: Aspiration bronchiolitis Diffuse panbronchiolitis Infectious bronchiolitis ➡️ RBILD (Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease) ➡️ Follicular bronchiolitis ➡️ Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 2 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis […]
Search Results for: TXA
Atelectasis
CONTENTS Basics Clinical presentation Types and causes of atelectasis Radiology Right upper lobe Right middle lobe Right middle lobe syndrome Left upper lobe Lower lobe atelectasis Bronchoscopy Management Additional/related topics Round atelectasis Drowned lung Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 6 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 📖 AE-ILD: Acute exacerbation of ILD 📖 […]
Preeclampsia & HELLP
Guide to emoji hyperlinks = Link to online calculator. = Link to Medscape monograph about a drug. = Link to IBCC section about a drug. = Link to IBCC section covering that topic. = Link to FOAMed site with related information. = Link to supplemental media. Going further References a dosing contraindications side effects indications […]
Brain Death
CONTENTS Brain death basics Clinical presentation of brain death Clinical context Clinical findings in brain death Spinal reflexes Diagnosis of brain death (1) Initial suspicion (2) Evaluate for confounders Excluding drug intoxication (3) Dedicated neurologic examination (4) Apnea test (5) Confirmatory test PRN If brain death is confirmed: Immediate next steps Supportive care prior to […]
Inhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Physiologic effects Specific agents Nitric Oxide (NO) Nitroglycerine Epoprostenol Milrinone Oxygen Contraindications & adverse effects Indications Overall concept – temporary bridge ARDS Pulmonary embolism Decompensated chronic pulmonary hypertension Right ventricular myocardial infarction Podcast Questions & discussion Pitfalls Inhaled pulmonary vasodilators yield three physiological advantages: #1) reduced pulmonary vascular resistance Pulmonary vasodilation […]
Sarcoidosis
CONTENTS Basics Epidemiology Pulmonary sarcoidosis Clinical presentation Radiographic staging (Scadding stage) Chest CT scan Lymphadenopathy ➡️ Nonfibrotic parenchymal abnormalities Fibrotic parenchymal abnormalities Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis Pulmonary function tests Reduced DLCO Restriction Obstruction Pleural involvement Pulmonary hypertension Large airway involvement Treatment of pulmonary sarcoid Approach to sarcoidosis patient with cardiopulmonary deterioration Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis Skin Erythema nodosum […]
Meningitis & Encephalitis
CONTENTS Rapid Reference: Obtundation with suspected CNS infection 🚀 Clinical manifestations When to suspect CNS infection Infectious disease history Neurological sequelae of bacterial meningitis Labs Blood tests to consider Lumbar puncture Imaging Imaging findings in meningitis Imaging to evaluate for HSV encephalitis Management Antibiotic selection Empiric regimen for undifferentiated CNS infection Empiric regimen for bacterial […]
Severe community-acquired pneumonia
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Definition of severe CAP Diagnosis: Pneumonia diagnosis Differential diagnosis Post-diagnosis evaluation: Laboratory studies Imaging Lobar pneumonia Bronchopneumonia Interstitial pneumonia Necrotizing pneumonia (cavitation) Nodular pneumonia Pleural effusion Pneumothorax Chest wall invasion Septic pulmonary emboli ➡️ Bronchoscopy Triage: who needs ICU? Treatment Antibiotic selection Resuscitation Respiratory support Steroid Effusion management Treatment failure Duration […]
Pulmonary embolism diagnosis & treatment of low-risk PE
CONTENTS Rapid reference 🚀 Risk factors and epidemiology Clinical presentation of PE Massive/submassive PE Large central PE Pulmonary infarction DVT Individual tests: D-dimer Arterial blood gas (ABG) DVT ultrasound to evaluate for PE Chest radiograph Radiology CT angiography in pulmonary embolism Causes of a filling defect on CT angiography CT angiography Causes of filling defect: […]
Guide to supportive care in critical illness
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 The understated importance of high-quality supportive care Medications to avoid in ICU Prophylaxis DVT prophylaxis GI prophylaxis Anemia & transfusion targets Glycemic control Nutrition for the intubated patient Pain, agitation, and delirium Analgesia & pain management Sedation of the intubated patient Delirium prevention Volume status & diuresis Electrolyte management Troponin elevation […]
Neuroprognostication after cardiac arrest
CONTENTS Introduction Early brain death is (still) death Prognostic value of historical information Confounding factors & hypothermia Timing & serial evaluation Prognostic tests Neurological examination EEG EEG background Findings superimposed on the background Myoclonus SSEPs (Somatosensory evoked potentials) CT scan Qualitative CT scan Quantitative CT scan MRI Neuron-specific enolase Multimodal prognostication Related topics Delayed post-hypoxic […]
Antibiotics
CONTENTS commonly used antibiotics Aminoglycosides Ampicillin & Ampicillin-Sulbactam Aztreonam Carbapenems (meropenem & ertapenem) Cephalosporins Cephalosporin G1: cefazolin Cephalosporin G3: ceftriaxone Cephalosporin G3: ceftazidime Cephalosporin G4: cefepime Cephalosporin G5: ceftaroline Clindamycin Daptomycin Doxycycline Fluoroquinolones Linezolid Macrolides (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin) Metronidazole Nafcillin Nitrofurantoin Penicillin G Piperacillin-Tazobactam Rifampin Tigecycline Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Vancomycin specific pathogens Antibiogram & 1st line agents by […]
Severe influenza
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Clinical presentation Radiology Bacterial coinfection Diagnostic panel Treatment Resuscitation Antibiotics Anti-viral therapy Respiratory support Adjunctive therapy Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) Approach to treatment failure Extrapulmonary complications Virology of influenza Podcast Questions & Discussions Pitfalls severe influenza checklist ✅ diagnostic tests (more) Nares PCR for MRSA. Blood cultures. Sputum gram stain & […]
Mold infections (aspergillosis, mucormycosis)
CONTENTS Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: Rapid Reference – Overall approach to the diagnosis 🚀 Basics Epidemiology Presentation Investigations Galactomannan Beta-D-Glucan Sputum culture & fungal stain PCR Radiology Bronchoscopy Tissue diagnosis Treatment Other forms of aspergillus infection: Aspergillus tracheobronchitis Aspergilloma Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis Other mold infections: Invasive pulmonary mucormycosis Podcast Questions & discussion Pitfalls #1/3: some […]
Acute Demyelinating Disorders
CONTENTS Inflammatory demyelinating disorders Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) & acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) Multiple sclerosis Myelitis due to multiple sclerosis Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis Acute Multiple Sclerosis (Marburg variant) Balo concentric sclerosis GFAP-IgG associated myelitis Idiopathic transverse myelitis Management considerations for inflammatory demyelinating disorders Emergency complications of demyelinating disorders Treatment Other […]