I often get the sense that the makers of many biomarkers envision us as helpless damsels in distress drowning in an icy pond or trapped in a monumental tower with no obvious means of descent. I imagine they think in our desperate grasps for aid, we will cling to whatever assistance they may offer, independent […]
Search Results for: lamw
Other diagnostic tests in pulmonology
CONTENTS Physical examination: Wheeze Stridor Clubbing Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) Lymphocytic CD4/CD8 ratio Neutrophilic Eosinophilic ➡️ Mixed cellularity Foamy macrophages Hemosiderin-laden macrophages Atypical hyperplastic type-II pneumocytes Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 8 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 📖 AE-ILD: Acute exacerbation of ILD 📖 AEP: Acute eosinophilic pneumonia 📖 AFB: Acid-fast bacilli AIP: […]
Pneumomediastinum
CONTENTS Pathophysiology & key concepts Causes Clinical presentation Radiographic features Evaluation of the etiology (1) Evaluation for esophageal perforation (2) Evaluation for large airway laceration Management Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 3 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 📖 AE-ILD: Acute exacerbation of ILD 📖 AEP: Acute eosinophilic pneumonia 📖 AFB: Acid Fast […]
The Case of the Balanced Solution
Saline-based resuscitation strategies were first proposed as far back as 1831 during the Cholera Epidemic. In an article published in the Lancet in 1831, Dr. O’Shaughnessy suggests the use of injected salts into the venous system as a means of combating the dramatic dehydration seen in patients afflicted with this bacterial infection(1). Saline’s potential harms […]
Smoking-related interstitial lung diseases
CONTENTS RBILD (respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease) DIP (desquamative interstitial pneumonia) Other smoking-related lung diseases covered in other chapters: PLCH (pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis) ➡️ AEP (acute eosinophilic pneumonia) ➡️ COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) ➡️ IPF (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) ➡️ CPFE (combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema) ➡️ Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the […]
Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) & Acute Interstitial Pneumonia (AIP)
CONTENTS Basics Causes of ARDS ARDS due to DAD ARDS without DAD Clinical presentation Radiology Bronchoscopy Investigation Diagnosis Management Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 📖 AE-ILD: Acute exacerbation of ILD 📖 AEP: Acute eosinophilic pneumonia 📖 AIP: Acute interstitial pneumonia (Hamman-Rich syndrome) 📖 ANA: Antinuclear antibody 📖 […]
Thoracic actinomycosis
CONTENTS Basics Epidemiology Clinical manifestations Radiology Laboratory evaluation Invasive diagnostic testing Differential diagnosis Nocardia vs. Actinomyces Treatment Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 3 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 📖 AE-ILD: Acute exacerbation of ILD 📖 AEP: Acute eosinophilic pneumonia 📖 AFB: Acid Fast Bacilli AIP: Acute interstitial pneumonia (Hamman-Rich syndrome) 📖 ANA: […]
Follicular bronchiolitis (FB) and lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP)
CONTENTS Basics Epidemiology Symptoms Radiology Radiology of FB (follicular bronchiolitis) Radiology of LIP (lymphoid interstitial pneumonia) Additional testing Diagnostic process Management Prognosis Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 2 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 📖 AE-ILD: Acute exacerbation of ILD 📖 AEP: Acute eosinophilic pneumonia 📖 AFB: Acid Fast Bacilli AIP: Acute interstitial […]
Lung abscess
CONTENTS Basics Common causes: Epidemiology & clinical presentation Laboratory investigations Radiology Differential diagnosis Bronchoscopy Treatment Antibiotics Antibiotics for anaerobic abscess due to aspiration Antibiotics for other types of lung abscess Drainage Treatment failure Related: Echinococcosis Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 3 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 📖 AE-ILD: Acute exacerbation of ILD […]
Thyroid Storm
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Approaching the diagnosis Diagnostic criteria Management Evaluation & treatment of any trigger Endocrine manipulations Cardiovascular stabilization Atrial fibrillation in thyroid storm Management of hyperthermia & agitation Refractory thyroid storm Podcast Questions & discussion Pitfalls evaluation 📖 Glucose, electrolytes including Ca/Mg/Phos, complete blood count. TSH, free T4, free T3. Liver function tests. […]
Blastomycosis
CONTENTS Basics Epidemiology Clinical manifestations Acute pulmonary blastomycosis Radiology Chronic pulmonary blastomycosis Radiology Disseminated blastomycosis Laboratory evaluation Treatment Podcast Questions & discussion Pitfalls abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 2 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 📖 AE-ILD: Acute exacerbation of ILD 📖 AEP: Acute eosinophilic pneumonia 📖 AFB: Acid Fast Bacilli AIP: Acute interstitial pneumonia (Hamman-Rich […]
Nocardia
CONTENTS Epidemiology Clinical presentation CNS involvement Diagnosis Laboratory diagnosis Chest imaging Nocardia vs. actinomyces ➡️ Treatment Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 3 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 📖 AE-ILD: Acute exacerbation of ILD 📖 AEP: Acute eosinophilic pneumonia 📖 AFB: Acid Fast Bacilli AIP: Acute interstitial pneumonia (Hamman-Rich syndrome) 📖 ANA: Antinuclear […]
Drug induced-lung disease
CONTENTS Preamble – Limitations on the data Medications Antibiotics Daptomycin ➡️ Minocycline Nitrofurantoin Cardiovascular Amiodarone Checkpoint inhibitors ➡️ Immunosuppressives: Methotrexate mTOR inhibitors (e.g., sirolimus) Substance use: Sympathomimetics (cocaine, amphetamines) Crack lung Cannabinoids Opioids Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema Intravenous administration of tablets (talc) ➡️ Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 8 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary […]
CV-EMCrit 327 – Acute Valve Disasters Part 2 – Management of Critical Aortic Stenosis
Part 2 of crashing valves: aortic stenosis
Atelectasis
CONTENTS Basics Clinical presentation Types and causes of atelectasis Radiology Right upper lobe Right middle lobe Right middle lobe syndrome Left upper lobe Lower lobe atelectasis Bronchoscopy Management Additional/related topics Round atelectasis Drowned lung Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 6 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 📖 AE-ILD: Acute exacerbation of ILD 📖 […]
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