CONTENTS Basics Epidemiology Causes Clinical presentation Radiology IPF vs. NSIP Treatment Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 📖 AE-ILD: Acute exacerbation of ILD 📖 AEP: Acute eosinophilic pneumonia 📖 AIP: Acute interstitial pneumonia (Hamman-Rich syndrome) 📖 ANA: Antinuclear antibody 📖 ANCA: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies 📖 ARDS: Acute respiratory […]
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Aspiration syndromes
CONTENTS Management of aspiration itself: Risk factors for aspiration Investigation Prevention Aspiration syndromes: Aspiration pneumonitis Aspiration pneumonia Lung abscess ➡️ Lipoid pneumonia Foreign body aspiration Aspiration-induced interstitial lung disease Aspiration bronchiolitis ➡️ Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 8 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 📖 AE-ILD: Acute exacerbation of ILD 📖 AEP: Acute […]
Bronchiolitis
CONTENTS Constrictive bronchiolitis: Bronchiolitis obliterans Epidemiology Clinical presentation Radiology Pulmonary function tests Bronchoscopy Diagnostic criteria Treatment DIPNECH (diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia) Cellular bronchiolitis: Aspiration bronchiolitis Diffuse panbronchiolitis Infectious bronchiolitis ➡️ RBILD (Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease) ➡️ Follicular bronchiolitis ➡️ Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 2 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis […]
Thoracic Radiology – Nodular patterns
CONTENTS Classification of multinodular patterns, based on size: Macronodular Micronodular Classification of nodules based on distribution: Sorting out the pattern of micronodules Centrilobular Centrilobular nonbranching micronodules Ill-defined centrilobular nodules Well defined nodules Centrilobular branching (tree-in-bud) Perilymphatic nodules Random nodules (including miliary pattern) Related topics Cluster of small nodules Galaxy sign Cluster sign Nodular reverse halo […]
Respiratory manifestations of systemic disorders
CONTENTS Gastroenterology Inflammatory bowel disease Cirrhosis Hepatopulmonary syndrome Hepatic hydrothorax ➡️ Spontaneous bacterial pleuritis ➡️ Portopulmonary hypertension ➡️ Pancreas-related pleural effusions ➡️ Hematology TRALI (transfusion-related acute lung injury) Complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Sickle cell disease Acute chest crisis ➡️ Pulmonary hypertension ➡️ Leukostasis due to leukemia ➡️ Questions & discussion abbreviations used in […]
Coccidioidomycosis
CONTENTS Basics Epidemiology Evolution between different forms Different clinical manifestations: Acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis Chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis Disseminated infection CNS involvement Diagnosis Laboratory tests Bronchoscopy Treatment Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 2 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 📖 AE-ILD: Acute exacerbation of ILD 📖 AEP: Acute eosinophilic pneumonia 📖 AFB: Acid Fast Bacilli […]
Lymphoproliferative diseases
CONTENTS Pulmonary lymphoid neoplasms MALT lymphoma PP-DLBCL (Primary pulmonary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) Lymphomatoid granulomatosis Pulmonary involvement from systemic lymphoma PTLD (posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder) IgG4-related lung disease Pleural involvement ➡️ Benign hyperplastic disorders Follicular bronchiolitis (aka BALT hyperplasia) ➡️ GLILD (Granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia) ➡️ Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: […]
Cystic Fibrosis pulmonary exacerbation
CONTENTS Definition of a CF respiratory exacerbation Evaluation of respiratory deterioration in CF Management CFTR-directed therapies Antibiotic therapy Airway clearance Bronchodilator Respiratory support (HFNC, NIV, intubation) Nutritional support Bowel regimen Glycemic control Physical therapy (Steroid not indicated) Other topics related to CF Hemoptysis in CF Pneumothorax in CF Cirrhosis in CF Burkholderia cepacia complex Nontuberculous […]
Bronchiectasis
CONTENTS Basics of bronchiectasis Definition Symptoms Radiologic findings Basic findings Radiologic types of bronchiectasis Clues regarding etiology Mucus impaction of bronchi (MIB) Pulmonary function tests Diagnosis Causes Evaluation for etiology Ambulatory management of chronic bronchiectasis Bronchiectasis exacerbation (non-CF) Diagnosis & evaluation Management Hemoptysis in non-CF bronchiectasis Related topics: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) Bronchiectasis and COPD […]
Approach to thoracic imaging in acute illness (radiograph, CT scan)
CONTENTS Preamble: A slightly different approach Frontal chest radiograph algorithm CT algorithm (1) Lines & tubes (2) Right heart & pulmonary embolism Contrast reflux into the IVC Pericardial effusion Right atrial dilation Right ventricular dilation Right ventricular wall thickness Pulmonary artery dilation Evaluation for PE (3) Left heart Left atrial dilation Left ventricular dilation Left […]
Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD)
CONTENTS Definition and background Clinical presentation Differential diagnosis Investigation History Physical examination Laboratory studies CT scan Bronchoscopy Treatment Medical therapy D/c potential pneumotoxins Antibiotics Immunosuppressive therapy Diuresis & volume management Antifibrotic therapy Respiratory support Noninvasive respiratory support Invasive mechanical ventilation Lung transplantation Prognosis Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: AE-ILD: Acute exacerbation […]
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) & other rare pulmonary vascular disorders
CONTENTS Basics Epidemiology Symptoms Radiology of PAVMs Diagnosis of HHT (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia) Management Management of PAVMs Management of HHT (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia) Other rare pulmonary vascular disorders: Pulmonary artery aneurysms & pseudoaneurysms Pulmonary vein thrombosis/occlusion Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 8 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 📖 AE-ILD: Acute […]
Typical bacterial pneumonias
CONTENTS Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep) Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA & MRSA) Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Klebsiella pneumoniae Other related topics: Rhodococcus equi Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 3 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 📖 AE-ILD: Acute exacerbation of ILD 📖 AEP: Acute eosinophilic pneumonia 📖 AFB: Acid […]
Immunosuppressive therapies in pulmonology & transplantation
CONTENTS Disclaimer – Still consult transplant medicine Mycophenolate Azathioprine Calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus, cyclosporine) Sirolimus Questions & discussion abbreviations used in the pulmonary section: 2 ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 📖 AE-ILD: Acute exacerbation of ILD 📖 AEP: Acute eosinophilic pneumonia 📖 AFB: Acid Fast Bacilli AIP: Acute interstitial pneumonia (Hamman-Rich syndrome) 📖 ANA: Antinuclear antibody 📖 […]
Lung Transplantation
CONTENTS candidacy for lung transplantation General concept of the transplant window Contraindications to lung transplantation Transplant window for various conditions COPD Interstitial lung disease Cystic fibrosis Pulmonary arterial hypertension post-transplantation complications Chronic immunosuppressive regimens PGD (primary graft dysfunction) Acute rejection ACR (acute cellular rejection) AMR (antibody-mediated rejection) CLAD (chronic lung allograft dysfunction) BOS (bronchiolitis obliterans […]
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