CONTENTS Basic biology Infection control Transmission Personal protective equipment (PPE) Diagnosis Signs & symptoms Labs Imaging CXR & CT scan Lung ultrasonography General approach to imaging Bronchoscopy Diagnostic approach for admitted patients Treatment: General protocols ED patients getting admitted to the hospital Inpatient management of hypoxemic, non-intubated patients Intubated patients Treatment: Specific anti-viral & immunosuppressive […]
Search Results for: john hinds
Coagulation tests (conventional & viscoelastic)
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Cell-based coagulation model Traditional tests of enzymatic coagulation INR prolongation with normal PTT PTT prolongation with normal INR Prolongation of both INR & PTT Thrombin Time & fibrinogen “level” (Clauss assay) Thromboelastography (TEG) Strengths and weaknesses of TEG TEG interpretation Using TEG to guide blood product transfusion Platelet dysfunction in critical […]
“The Adventure of the Golden Standard”
We have all been told ghost stories and fairy tales. Campfire fables intended to frighten the gullible populace into behaving in a manner deemed appropriate. Even in Emergency Medicine we have our fair share of ghost stories. Most notably we are taught from an early age to fear and respect the clinically occult pulmonary embolism. […]
Sickle Cell Acute Chest Syndrome
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Background Pathophysiology Epidemiology Presentation & diagnosis Trigger of acute chest syndrome Symptoms Examination & POCUS Radiology Rapid progression & multi-organ failure Definition & differential diagnosis Management Non-transfusion related Aggressive oxygenation & monitoring Volume resuscitation Antibiotics Pain management Transfusion General considerations about transfusion Simple transfusion (top-up transfusion) Exchange transfusion Manual exchange transfusion […]
Alcohol withdrawal
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Preamble & disclaimer Diagnosis Alcohol withdrawal vs. hepatic encephalopathy Therapeutic target (CIWA vs RASS) Treatment: Phenobarbital monotherapy Phenobarbital pharmacology Advantages of phenobarbital over benzodiazepines Contraindications to phenobarbital ➡️ Phenobarbital guideline Checking phenobarbital levels? ➡️ Pitfalls of phenobarbital Alternative agents Benzodiazepines Valproic acid Antipsychotics & alpha-2 agonists (dexmedetomidine, clonidine, guanfacine) Ketamine Other […]
Pulmonary hypertension (PH)
CONTENTS Symptoms of PH Functional assessment Diagnosis Chest radiograph CT scan Echocardiography Pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC) Vasoreactivity testing Causes of PH Evaluation for PH of unknown etiology Treatment – array of available therapies Basic supportive care for PH Calcium channel blockers Endothelin-receptor antagonists Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors & guanylate cyclase stimulators Prostacyclins & prostacyclin receptor agonists Systemic […]
Acute decompensated heart failure (including cardiogenic shock)
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Intro: what this chapter is about Hemodynamic evaluation & risk stratification Causes of heart failure decompensation Investigations Pulmonary artery catheter Radiologic findings in heart failure Findings may include: Usual CT scan findings in heart failure SCAPE (sympathetic crashing acute pulmonary edema) Asymmetric pulmonary edema Radiological differential diagnosis Treatment Fix the lungs […]
Status Epilepticus
CONTENTS Getting started: (1) Initial approach to status 🚀 (2) After the dust has settled 🚀 Causes Diagnosis & definition Definition of status epilepticus Seizure mimics Differentiation from pseudoseizure Treatment overview Initial treatment Benzodiazepine Hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and thiamine deficiency Conventional antiseizure medication Neurolytic intubation Subsequent management NORSE Neuromonitoring Waking & weaning Supportive medical management Approach […]
Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS)
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Core topics in ICU stroke management Blood pressure control Anticoagulation & antiplatelet therapy Respiratory support Seizure management Dysphagia evaluation & nutritional support Additional supportive measures Specific management situations Neuroworsening in AIS Thrombolytic-induced angioedema Hemorrhagic transformation (including post-thrombolysis) Malignant MCA syndrome Cerebellar stroke & posterior fossa syndrome Basilar artery thrombosis Moyamoya disease […]
Septic Shock
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Definitions of septic shock Diagnosis & evaluation Clinical Presentations Biomarkers: NLR Procalcitonin & CRP ➡️ Evaluation for the source Sepsis mimics Treatment Vasopressors Source control Fluid Steroid DVT prophylaxis with heparin REFRACTORY SHOCK Methylene blue Resuscitative endpoints MAP Heart rate Urine output Fluid balance Lactate Skin perfusion Interventions of no real […]
Guide to supportive care in critical illness
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 The understated importance of high-quality supportive care Medications to avoid in ICU Prophylaxis DVT prophylaxis GI prophylaxis Anemia & transfusion targets Glycemic control Nutrition for the intubated patient Pain, agitation, and delirium Analgesia & pain management Sedation of the intubated patient Delirium prevention Volume status & diuresis Electrolyte management Troponin elevation […]
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