CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Epidemiology Primary vs. secondary injury Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Initial evaluation Specific types of injury Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) Contusions & intraparenchymal hematomas Epidural hematoma Subdural hematoma Subarachnoid hemorrhage Intraventricular hemorrhage Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Fat embolism Management Coagulation management Hemodynamic management ICP management Ventilator management Seizure prophylaxis & management DVT […]
Search Results for: sepsis
Alcohol withdrawal
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Preamble & disclaimer Diagnosis Alcohol withdrawal vs. hepatic encephalopathy Therapeutic target (CIWA vs RASS) Treatment: Phenobarbital monotherapy Phenobarbital pharmacology Advantages of phenobarbital over benzodiazepines Contraindications to phenobarbital ➡️ Phenobarbital guideline Checking phenobarbital levels? ➡️ Pitfalls of phenobarbital Alternative agents Benzodiazepines Valproic acid Antipsychotics & alpha-2 agonists (dexmedetomidine, clonidine, guanfacine) Ketamine Other […]
Acute Demyelinating Disorders
CONTENTS Inflammatory demyelinating disorders Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) & acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) Multiple sclerosis Myelitis due to multiple sclerosis Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis Acute Multiple Sclerosis (Marburg variant) Balo concentric sclerosis GFAP-IgG associated myelitis Idiopathic transverse myelitis Management considerations for inflammatory demyelinating disorders Emergency complications of demyelinating disorders Treatment Other […]
COVID 19 ICU/stepdown management
CONTENTS: Management of COVID-19 patients admitted to stepdown or ICU Link to full chapter here (more complete – but longer). Preamble & caveats Initial tests to guide management Organ support Cardiovascular Respiratory Noninvasive respiratory support Invasive mechanical ventilation Infectious disease – antibiotics Renal Hematology Neurology Immunomodulation Steroid Tocilizumab Baricitinib Things that don’t work Remdesivir Convalescent […]
Management of COVID-19 patients admitted to stepdown or ICU
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Initial tests to guide management Chest CT findings Organ support Cardiovascular Respiratory Noninvasive respiratory support Invasive mechanical ventilation Infectious disease – antibiotics Renal Hematology Neurology Immunomodulation Steroid Tocilizumab Baricitinib Tofacitinib Things that don’t work Remdesivir Convalescent plasma Questions & Discussion References checklist for COVID admission to ICU/stepdown ✅ Review medication list […]
Ventricular arrhythmias
CONTENTS approach to wide-complex monomorphic tachycardia Diagnostic approach to wide complex tachycardia [1] Consider pretest probability for VT [2] Compare to old ECG if available [3] Initiation of wide complex tachycardia [4] Signs of potential VT mimic [5] Evidence of AV dissociation? [6] Morphology in Leads II & aVR Morphology rules [7a] RBBB-type [7b] LBBB-type […]
Acute decompensated heart failure (including cardiogenic shock)
CONTENTS Rapid Reference 🚀 Intro: what this chapter is about Hemodynamic evaluation & risk stratification Causes of heart failure decompensation Investigations Pulmonary artery catheter Radiologic findings in heart failure Findings may include: Usual CT scan findings in heart failure SCAPE (sympathetic crashing acute pulmonary edema) Asymmetric pulmonary edema Radiological differential diagnosis Treatment Fix the lungs […]
Pulmonary hypertension (PH)
CONTENTS Symptoms of PH Functional assessment Diagnosis Chest radiograph CT scan Echocardiography Pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC) Vasoreactivity testing Causes of PH Evaluation for PH of unknown etiology Treatment – array of available therapies Basic supportive care for PH Calcium channel blockers Endothelin-receptor antagonists Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors & guanylate cyclase stimulators Prostacyclins & prostacyclin receptor agonists Systemic […]
Type-1 Myocardial Infarction (OMI & NOMI)
CONTENTS diagnosis Nomenclature & types of MI Diagnosis DDx of MI EKG findings in MI Anterior OMI Inferior OMI RV OMI (RVMI, including management) Posterior OMI High lateral OMI OMI in LBBB or RV-pacing OMI vs aneurysm Hyperacute T-waves & de Winter pattern Wellens patterns Subendocardial ischemia patterns Risk stratification management General supportive care PCI […]
EMCrit 308 – Risk Stratification and Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism (PE) 2021 – Is the PERT Wilted?
PE is hard–I think we make it harder than it needs to be
Status Epilepticus
CONTENTS Getting started: (1) Initial approach to status 🚀 (2) After the dust has settled 🚀 Causes Diagnosis & definition Definition of status epilepticus Seizure mimics Differentiation from pseudoseizure Treatment overview Initial treatment Benzodiazepine Hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and thiamine deficiency Conventional antiseizure medication Neurolytic intubation Subsequent management NORSE Neuromonitoring Waking & weaning Supportive medical management Approach […]
Eosinophilic lung diseases
CONTENTS Eosinophilic lung disease Approach to eosinophilic lung disease Understanding blood eosinophil count Acute critical illness Chronic systemic steroid Asthma or COPD Causes of eosinophilia Atopic Medications Infection Neoplastic & paraneoplastic Bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia IgE level Specific diseases DRESS syndrome AEP (acute eosinophilic pneumonia) CEP (chronic eosinophilic pneumonia) ABPA (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis) EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis […]
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